Back Anatomy

Our spine is made up of certain structures. These are listed below:

Intervertebral Disc: They are gel-shaped structures between the vertebrae. It has shock absorbing properties.
Facet joints: They form the main part behind the spine. They are the joints that allow one spine to unite on the other.
Synovium: A thin membrane that produces fluid on the surface of facet joints. It facilitates the movement.
Intervertebral foramen (Neural foramen): It is the exit hole of the nerve between the two vertebrae.
Lamina: They are the bone structures that act as a roof over the spinal cord and nerves in the posterior part of the spine.
Ligaments: Elastic ligaments that support the spine. In the narrow canal, the yellow ligament (flavum) extending from the lamina to the lamina causes a narrowing of the canal.
Pedicle: It is a narrow root-like structure on the spine that takes shape from the wall in the anterior part of the spinal arch.
Spinal cord and nerve roots: It is the main structure of the central nervous system extending from the base of the brain to the waist. It contains nerve cells and nerve fibers. The spinal cord connects with the brain with all body parts via 31 pairs of nerves that emerge between the vertebrae.
Cauda equina: When the spinal cord ends in the lumbar region, the nerve fibers continue and form a horse tail-like image. This is the name given to this structure.